CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A computer is digital electronic
machine capable of accepting input data, processing and producing an output
(information). The computer is an important tool that plays a good role in the
analysis of any subject that is to be programmed. Though before a computer can
be successfully programmed and utilized, it must be studied. Hence, “computer
Science” which is the study of computer and its programming is mainly about the
design and analysis, modeling and application of computer related system
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Computer
Science has enabled the development of expert system which in turn improved
human performance in their related field in life.
The development of experts system that capture skills and
expertise of a human expert has not been easy and date back to the Second World
War, where experts of computer tried relentlessly to develop technique or
systems that would allow act more intelligently than human. But recently,
experts system have proven their value
by aiding for example, medical professionals in diagnosing diseases and
scheduling task as well mechanics in trouble shooting locomotive problems and
configuring complex computer hardware.
Hence,
this project harnesses the abilities of experts on system to develop an expert
system on Crohn’s & Colitis and Lupus diagnostic system that will aid Federal
Medical Center, Jalingo professional or personnel (e.g. Doctors, paramedics) in
the diagnosis of Crohn’s & Colitis and Lupus and its associated symptoms
and to its prescription.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
According
to research, diagnosis in Federal Medical Center, Jalingo has been plague by
several factors based on the current manual processes:
1. File and record about patients are
not properly kept.
2. Drugs prescription is hardly ever
done with the right age of the patient in mind.
3. Error are easily made and hardly
detected.
4. Information is not well maintained.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This
work study will as much as possible try to achieve the objectives stated below.
i.
To help in the fight against Crohn’s & Colitis and Lupus
mostly in Taraba State.
ii.
To appraise the contributions of an expert system in
medicine.
iii. To inform the medical practitioner
that they can enjoy prolific alliance with computer systems.
iv. A Flexible and relatively easily
maintained systems.
v.
An improvement to quality by providing a consistent source
of reliable expert guidance.
vi. It reduces the amount of wastage in
terms of time and human resource
vii. The containment of medical diagnosis
by substituting software systems for skilled people, to help in assistance.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of expert systems in the diagnosis of Crohn’s & Colitis and
Lupus are too numerous to mention but a few has been listed out below;
i. It takes a long time to train
medical experts to know the symptoms of Crohn’s & Colitis and Lupus and be
able to give out the right drugs but with the proposed new system, only what is
needed is the skills of operating the new system which requires entering
patients information and their symptoms into the system and in turn the system
brings out the type of Crohn’s & Colitis and Lupus and the drugs to combat
it.
ii. Consistent solution: Computers do
not suffer some of the weaknesses of humans, such as getting tired or ill and
they are more easily access than human experts.
iii. More time to evaluate decision
result: Advice is obtained from the experts system quickly, leaving more time
to weigh the possible result before action is taken.
iv. Human expert development is a
continuous exercise but an expert system is built only once and updated
continuously with new technologies.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Expert system on Crohn’s &
Colitis and Lupus diagnostic is a software designed to assist doctors and
medical professional in Federal Medical Center, Jalingo to diagnosis and prescription of different
ailment as a result of Crohn’s & Colitis and Lupus.
This
system will simulate expert reasoning, taking into consideration the clinical
sign and test result. It generates accurate treatment, advice addressing and
prescriptions to possible drugs.
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Diagnostic: This is concerned with
diagnosis; used for furthering diagnosis or can be defined as characteristic or
indicative of a disease.
A.I: Known as artificial intelligence in
full and can be defined as the branch of computer science that deal with
writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively.
Paramedics: A person trained to assist medical
professionals and to give emergency medical treatment.
Crohn’s & Colitis: Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It
causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain,
severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. Inflammation caused by
Crohn's disease can involve different areas of the digestive tract in different
people.
Lupus: Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can affect almost any
part of the body, most often the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood, or
brain.
Hospital: A medical institution where
sick or injured people are given medical or surgical care.
Medication: The act of treating with medicines
or remedies
Physician: A licensed
medical practitioner
Ailment: An often persistent bodily disorder
or disease; a cause for complaining
Software: These written programs or
procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of
a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory.
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